CHL1 and autism spectrum disorder: Moreover, CHL1 is implicated in mental retardation and psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders (Sakurai et al., 2002; Frints et al., 2003; Chen et al., 2005; Tam et al., 2010; Salyakina et al., 2011; Shoukier et al., 2013).