ISG15 and Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases: Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD) is the most characterized of these IEIs, with 36 different disorders found in 20 distinct genes (<i>IFNGR1, IFNGR2, IFNG, IL12RB1, IL12RB2, IL23R, IL12B, ISG15, USP18, ZNFX1, TBX21, STAT1, TYK2, IRF8, IRF1, CYBB, JAK1, RORC, NEMO</i>, and <i>SPPL2A</i>) over the last 20 years.