For instance, in T2DM, decreased bone regeneration has been linked to suppressed angiogenesis and osteogenesis.(6) More specifically, osteoblast differentiation and proliferation were shown to be highly inhibited in the presence of diabetic environment.(7, 8, 9) In an in vivo study, osteoblast differentiation markers such as ALP activity, RUNX2, OCN, and OPN showed highly reduced expression in T2DM rats during bone regeneration.(1) Moreover, several cellular activities related to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to be inhibited in a diabetic environment. Here, SPP1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.