Therefore, it was suggested thatcytochrome c may play the role of a universal DAMPmolecule (damage-associated molecular patterns) that informs the immunesystem of infection danger in cells or tissues.11 DAMP molecules are released from damaged or dead cellsand activate the innate immune system by interacting with patternrecognition receptors (PRRs).12 Therefore,cytochrome c plays a double function: it warns theimmune system and contributes to the host’s defense and alsopromotes pathological inflammatory responses. This evidence concerns the gene CYCS and infection.