SPP1 and Obesity: A significant reduction in pro-inflammatory macrophage markers, including iNOS (p < 0.05), CD68 (p < 0.05), and CD163 (p < 0.05) was found in the subcutaneous AT of individuals with obesity and IR.The Inflammatory Response pathway (S1PR3, TNFAIP6, TNFRSF11A, CHI3L1, SPP1), the Collagen Catabolic Process route (MMP9, MMP7, COL8A2), and the Extracellular Matrix Disassembly pathway (MMP9, MMP7, SPP1) were the top four gene pathways found in the pathway enrichment analysis of GOTERMs.