REN and HIV infectious disease: Chronic inflammation and lipodystrophy associated with HIVinfection have effects on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway, which may lead tokidney damage, vascular dysfunction, alterations in sympathetic nervous outflow, and hencehypertension.26 The typical riskfactors of hypertension include genetic predisposition and lifestyle.23 The results from this study suggest thatHIV increases the risk of isolated systolic hypertension, which increases a person’schance of cardiovascular-related mortality.27 Metabolic changes may contribute to the risk of developing isolatedsystolic hypertension.28