In an early study investigating the cytotoxic effects of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) on cancer cells, researchers found that PRODH expression is upregulated by oxLDL treatment through the activation of PPARγ and the upregulated PRODH expression triggers protective autophagy in several cancer cell lines exposed to the noxious effects of oxLDLs (41). The gene discussed is PPARG; the disease is cancer.