Control of blood mononuclear cells in MS during inflammation can be mediated by autophagy activation (465), induction of autophagy can improve the clinical outcome of relapsing-remitting and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (466) and reduce retinal MS-induced degeneration (189), cytokine release and microglial activation is limited during autophagy activation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (358), and the risk for developing MS may be lessened during mTOR blockade and autophagy induction (359). The gene discussed is MTOR; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.