The NSCLC guidelines of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) (version 2023) recommends use of a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor alone (e.g., atezolizumab or pembrolizumab) and PD-1 inhibitor–containing combination therapy (e.g., nivolumab and sintilimab) as first- and second-line therapies for advanced LSCC, representing the primary foundation of immunotherapy-based therapy. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.