In summary, the differentiation of Th cells (i.e., Th17) and the function of adaptive immune pathways were significantly impaired in CARD9 mutant patients due to a deficiency in the production of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α), resulting in increased susceptibility to chronic or deep fungal infections. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and fungal infectious disease.