B cells, plasma cells, and CD4 cells had been proven to play significant roles in promoting antitumor immunity and better clinical outcomes in the ICB immunotherapy (82–84), while macrophage M2 was associated with NSCLC progression, antitumoral immunosuppression, and resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy (12, 15, 85, 86). Here, CD4 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.