VEGFA and cancer: Therefore, as cancer progresses, the malignant cells may hijack the polarization of macrophages which were initially recruited by an inflammatory response, by secreting M2-differentiating cytokines and chemokines, e.g. interleukin10 (IL10), CC chemokine ligand (CCL)2/3/4/5/7/8, CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)12, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).