Toll, Jak-STAT and immune deficiency (IMD) gene expression in L. longipalpis Lulo and LL5 cell lines indicated that repressors of these pathways (cactus, caspar, and PIAS), as well as their transcription factors (dorsal, relish, and STAT), are differentially modulated depending on the microbial challenges (28–30). The gene discussed is SOAT1; the disease is Immunodeficiency.