IL1B and carcinoma: It has been demonstrated that carcinoma cells-derived IL-1 stimulates the production of PGE2, which in turn, in an autocrine manner with the cooperation of IL-1, induces the release of cytokines like IL-8 and IL-6 by MSCs, leading to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and stemness properties of cancer cells to enable tumor progression (25).