TGFB1 and cancer: As a result, CA-MSCs secrete immune cell suppressor molecules and chemokines such as ICAM-I, PD-L1, VCAM, HLA-G, COX-2, IDO, TGF-β, PGE2, CXCL11, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL6, CXCL10, CXCL1, and promote cancer cells viability and increase their growth.