STAT3 and peripheral nerve injury: In a study on STAT signaling in peripheral nerve injuries (95), the JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and STAT1 mRNA increased instantaneously and rapidly after peripheral nerve injuries, meanwhile STAT3 and STAT5 gene expression was detected using the in situ hybridization and semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique through a regeneration study on the facial and hypoglossal nerves in rats.