Additionally, the secretion of proangiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) by M2 macrophages is reported to establish a tumor-conducive microenvironment that promotes tumor growth even after RT (Meng et al., 2010; Chen et al., 2019). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is neoplasm.