CSPG4 and cancer: However, multiple studies have demonstrated that the presence of NG2/CSPG4 in cancers is a strong indicator of the metastatic potential of the tumor (Burg et al., 1997; Burg et al., 1998; Chekenya and Pilkington, 2002), with NG2/CSPG4 loss of function experiments resulting in attenuated cell migration (Cattaruzza et al., 2013b; Jamil et al., 2016; Yang et al., 2019a; Wilms et al., 2022).