Additionally, Oct-4 is expressed in many human cancers, including lung cancer (Chen et al., 2008), breast cancer (Ezeh et al., 2005), liver cancer (Huang et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2010), gastric cancer (Chen et al., 2009), and bladder cancer (Atlasi et al., 2007). Here, POU5F1 is linked to cancer.