More important, TNF-induced cell death of IECs has been likewise documented manifold in a variety of diseases including sepsis, graft-versus-host disease (Piguet et al., 1987), infections (Liu et al., 2006) and various murine colitis models (Neurath et al., 1997; Corazza et al., 1999; Marini et al., 2003; Roulis et al., 2011) and has also been implicated in radiation-induced p53-mediated and parenteral nutrition-induced IEC apoptosis (Inagaki-Ohara et al., 2001; Feng et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and colitis.