Notably, a study involving intratumoral injection of antigen-pulsed DC cells demonstrated enhancements in the tumor microenvironment, characterized by decreased transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) levels, increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IFN-γ levels, facilitated proliferation of CD8+ T cells, reduced activation of Tregs, and improved survival rates in mice with glioma (84). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and glioma.