TNF and spinal cord injury: IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that can be secrete by leukocyte, and numerous studies have shown that IL-10 can reduce inflammation through direct inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α [46], reducing hemoglobin-induced oxidative tissue damage [47], and modulation of macrophage expression in many inflammatory diseases such as spinal cord injury [48, 49].