TLR4 and chronic cystitis: Our previous study showed that the activation of NLRP3 plays an important role in the CYP-induced cystitis rats, and intrathecal injected hUMSC-derived extracellular vesicles can restrain activation of TLR4/p65/NLRP3, attenuate neuroinflammation in the SDH region [10], which is as same as this that hUMSCs along can suppressing activation of TLR4/p65/NLRP3 pathway.