HMOX1 and cystitis: In the SDH region, HO-1-hUMSCs treatment showed significant advantages over hUMSCs in inhibiting the activation of glial, decreasing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine through downregulating the TLR4/p65/NLRP3 pathway, and HO-1-hUMSCs markedly increased the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, reducing the MDA content and protecting the GSH concentration in CYP-induced cystitis rats at the same time.