IGFBP3 and neoplasm: Although clinical studies have shown that IGFBP-3 can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of esophageal gastric junction adenocarcinoma [81] and that the simultaneous decrease of IGFBP-3 and increase of IGF-I may promote tumor growth [82], the mechanism underlying the relationship between these two potential biomarkers and GC has not been established.