FOXO3 and diabetes mellitus: We also analyzed the relationship between FoxO3a gene expression and protein levels and their correlation with FBXO32 activation by examining FoxO3a's role in activating FBXO32. Intriguingly, all 5-week treatments exhibited a substantial downregulation of FBXO32, TRIM63, and FoxO3a expression in diabetes-induced soleus and EDL muscles (p < 0.001 vs. DM).