PAP can inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway, downregulate the expression of p65 protein, improve osteoblast differentiation inhibited by TNF-ɑ, enhance the expression of the key transcription factor Runx2, increase the levels of osteoblast markers (such as OCN, ALP, OPN, BSP), promote osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, inhibit TNF-ɑ-induced osteoclast differentiation, resist bone resorption, and address the bone homeostasis imbalance in osteoporosis (39). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is osteoporosis.