In 1 study comparing plasma catecholamine responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in children with craniopharyngioma to short normal age-matched controls, the peak plasma adrenaline was lower, while the peak plasma noradrenaline was higher in the former group, with a lower 24-hour urinary excretion of adrenaline, dopamine and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) (421). This evidence concerns the gene INS and Hypoglycemia.