INS and gestational diabetes: Previously, neurodevelopment of offspring in randomized studies comparing maternal metformin or insulin treatment of GDM has been followed only until the age of 18 months21 or 2 years,22,23 and in 1 population-based cohort study, the questionnaire of offspring psychosocial and behavioral indices was gathered before entering school.24 In these 4 studies, no significant differences were found between the 2 treatment groups.