Impaired [Ca2+] oscillation synchronization (representing a disrupted functional network) and disrupted pulsatile insulin secretion have been observed in islets from rodent models of type 2 diabetes (Pørksen et al., 2002; Satin et al., 2015; Corezola do Amaral et al., 2020), type 1 diabetes (Pørksen et al., 2002; O’Meara et al., 1995), human subjects with type 2 diabetes (St. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.