CD4 and neoplasm: Blockade of NLRP3 signaling in TAMs increased the CD8/CD4 T cell ratio, and the CD4+ T cells themselves reprogrammed to the Th1 phenotype instead of the Treg phenotype commonly found in PDAC microenvironment, thereby enhancing anti-tumor immunity.20 Also, the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in TAMs downregulates the expression of PD-1 receptors on T cells by inducing T cell anergy due to exhaustive induction of the PD-1 receptors.