The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by Panc 10.05 PDAC cells and macrophages was also increased in the LPS-stimulated co-cultures (L, LA, and LM groups), suggesting that the increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine in the tumor microenvironment also contributed to the above-mentioned PP2A repression mechanism, resulting in an increased cell proliferation. This evidence concerns the gene PTPA and neoplasm.