TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: While disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (methotrexate, sulfonamides, TNF inhibitors, or inhibitors of Janus kinase) and glucocorticoids are commonly used to control RA progression, and NSAIDs for pain relief, more than 20% of patients experience poor treatment outcomes, in addition to adverse effects associated with the drugs used in the treatment of RA [144, 146].