LCN2 and acute kidney injury: For example, a patient who is sRAI + and has an elevated urine NGAL can be identified as highest risk for D3 severe AKI and managed with more conservative fluid resuscitation, earlier vasoactive medication support, careful monitoring of nephrotoxic medications and consideration of earlier KRT to mitigate fluid accumulation, if necessary; conversely, a patient who is sRAI + but without urine NGAL elevation (or sRAI-) may be identified as lower risk and undergo standard management.