There is growing evidence that people who lack ALDH2 are at much higher risk of developing LSCC and ESCC from alcohol consumption than those with fully functional ALDH2, while ALDH2 × 1/2 heterozygotes are also at a heightened risk of developing LSCC and ESCC [42]. The gene discussed is ALDH2; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.