Imvax nonclinical studies [50] using the murine GL261 GBM model and human GBM cell lines in the IGV-001 product have confirmed the release of danger/damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) immune stimulators, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) [50, 55, 57, 58], as well as cellular debris/antigenic payload (< 0.1 μm in size) from dead and dying cells within the BDCs (Fig. 3). Here, HMGB1 is linked to glioblastoma.