Consistent with previous reports, our study found a female predominance of such most common (de novo) AML-associated mutations as NPM1, DNMT3A and FLT3-ITD, and a male predominance of spliceosome complex gene mutations and other myelodysplasia-related genes, many of which are found on the X-chromosome (BCOR, BCORL1, SMC1A, STAG2, ZRSR2). Here, NPM1 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.