identified that metformin exerted its antitumor effect through enhancing the AMPK/SIRT1 axis, subsequently increasing expression of NK-κB p65 to induce Bax activation and Cyt-C release, leading to caspase-3-dependent cleavage of GSDME and ultimately resulting in pyroptosis in HCC cells, breast cancer cells, and colon cancer cells (110). This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and hepatocellular carcinoma.