Interestingly, mouse astrocytes that overexpress mutant human Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), one of the genes associated with familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), induce motor neuron death in coculture, but increasing the total NAD+ content or overexpressing SIRT6 in such astrocytes eliminates their toxicity to cocultured motor neurons (Harlan et al., 2019). The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.