These data indicate that Bdh1 reduction aggravates glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity by down-regulating fumarate, which provides strong support for our conclusion that Bdh1 over-expression ameliorate glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity through βOHB-AcAc-succinate-fumarate metabolic flux in DKD. This evidence concerns the gene BDH1 and diabetic kidney disease.