Similarly to our results, a recent meta-analysis reported MCP-1 to be increased in NAFL but not in NASH, whereas IL-8 was observed to be significantly higher in both disease subgroups compared to healthy controls.30 MIF is a known inducer of MCP-1.31,32 Interestingly, serum MIF and MCP-1 levels correlate with each other (with a moderate score, see Supplemental Figure S1A, http://links.lww.com/HC9/A629, R = 0.39, adj. Here, MIF is linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver.