In lung cancer, PD-L1 expression is a predictive biomarker of PD-1 or PD-L1 immunotherapy response; however, this association was not found in mesothelioma in either the seminal CHECKPOINT-743 nivolumab plus ipilimumab phase 3 study [4••]; the CONFIRM trial of nivolumab [43] or the two Phase 2 durvolumab plus chemotherapy studies (DREAM [44] and PrE0505 [45•]). Here, CD274 is linked to lung carcinoma.