HOXB13 and prostate carcinoma: While BRCA2 carriers are recommended to initiate prostate cancer screening at age 40 or 10 years prior to the youngest prostate cancer diagnosis in a family (with consideration for BRCA1, ATM, HOXB13, and mismatch repair gene carriers; ref. 4), our findings in African ancestry men and others in European ancestry men (6, 26–29) suggest that PRS should also be incorporated into prostate cancer risk assessment to inform age-based screening guidelines.