ARID2 (AUC: 0.899), CYSTM1 (AUC: 0.980), DDIT3 (AUC: 0.948), and RNASE1 (AUC: 0.943) might be used as diagnostic biomarkers of SLE patients (Fig. 6D). The gene discussed is RNASE1; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.