Notably, Nrf2 and NF-κB have emerged as essential targets for inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress in DCM.[44,140–147] Gln has been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties by inhibiting NF-κB and activating Nrf2.Promisingly, certain molecules and drugs have shown their potential to ameliorate DCM by targeting Nrf2 or NF-κB. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.