Studies reported that BMI, chronic kidney disease, and atrial fibrillation were independent predictors of low BNP levels in patients with HFpEF.[14,15] Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI and atrial fibrillation were independent predictors of low NT-proBNP levels in patients with HFpEF in our study, which were consistent with previous studies. Here, NPPB is linked to atrial fibrillation.