Studies reported that patients with HFpEF and elevated natriuretic peptide levels had a higher rate of mortality or heart failure rehospitalization compared to those with low natriuretic peptide levels.[10,14,18,19] Our study also showed that patients with HFpEF and elevated NT-proBNP levels had a higher risk of all-cause death or heart transplantation compared to those with low NT-proBNP levels, which was consistent with previous studies. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is heart failure.