Adjusted covariates included age, sex, BMI, and NYHA functional class, and stratified analyses showed that the association between NT-proBNP (elevated NT-proBNP group vs low NT-proBNP group) and risk of all-cause death or heart transplantation was stronger in non-atrial fibrillation patients (adjusted HR [95%CI]: 5.14 [1.60,16.46]) than in atrial fibrillation patients (adjusted HR [95%CI]: 1.04 [0.48,2.25], P value for interaction = 0.025). Here, NPPB is linked to atrial fibrillation.