Furthermore, a specific chemokine receptor–ligand interaction has been observed between XCR1 (cDC1) and XCL1/2 (predominantly expressed by cytotoxic T cells) in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) who receive neo-adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy, suggesting the recruitment of cDC1s by intratumoral cytotoxic T cells [94]. This evidence concerns the gene MPPE1 and glioblastoma.