In addition, proinflammatory microglia have been discovered to mediate the conversion of astrocytes into the A1 phenotype in various neurological diseases by secreting IL-1α, TNF-α, and C1q [167], while the blockade of this microglia-mediated conversion exhibited neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease (PD) models [168]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Parkinson disease.