Histological findings were confirmed at the protein level using ELISA; HIF-1α, TIMP-1, and VEGFA levels in the tumor tissue were significantly higher in the IP + LC group than in the LC group (Fig. 4I–K), and these were reduced by treatment with AsA, regardless of the murine species or lung cancer histological type. Here, VEGFA is linked to laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.