IL6 and major depressive disorder: The active ingredients of ginseng significantly reduced CORT and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in the serum of the depression model mice as well as reduced levels of iNOS, COX2, caspase3, caspase9, Bax, Bcl-2, NLRP3, and p65 in the hippocampus of the depressive model mice and rats (Xu et al. 2022; Li et al. 2020; Zhan et al. 2022).