C1QA and neoplasm: Notably, C1Q+ Mφ exhibited high C1Q-family gene expression (C1QA, C1QB, and C1QC), CD163 expression, and ligands for T-cell immune checkpoints, including LGALS9 (binds to TIM-3) and NECTIN2 (binds to TIGIT) (Fig. S11C), resembling tumor-associated macrophages with immunosuppressive signatures reported in multiple cancers [43, 45].