The performance of mpMRI in this patient group may be further improved through the development of novel imaging techniques such as hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI (HP-13C-MRI), which probes tumor [1-13C]lactate labeling as a feature of glycolytic metabolism (4), a phenotype independently associated with postsurgical BCR (5, –7). The gene discussed is BCR; the disease is neoplasm.