From the outlier analysis, we identified 38 candidate genes that may contribute to overall hearing status (including one deafness gene, PKHD1L1) (Table 4), 18 genes linked to Metabolic hearing loss alone (including four deafness genes, DMD, DUOX2, CELSR1 and ELMO3) (S3 and S5 Tables), and 54 genes linked to Sensory hearing loss alone (including four deafness genes, ARHGAP21, LMO7, UBE3B and ADGRV1) (S3 Table). This evidence concerns the gene ARHGAP21 and X-linked mixed hearing loss with perilymphatic gusher.