CLDN3 and colitis: Our previously published report that CLDN3 loss of expression promotes the risk of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) further supports this postulation.13 However, CLDN3 loss also affects the normal homeostasis of other vital organs, including the liver and bile acid secretion.47 Changes in bile acid levels are associated with gut inflammation and colitis.37,48–50 Thus, further studies are needed to delineate the role of the gut epithelium specific changes in CLDN3 expression upon gut dysbiosis and colitis and are part of our ongoing studies.